With spring on the doorstep, the itch to get outside and into the backcountry is stronger than ever. Whether you’re planning a hiking trek, leisurely shed hunting, or heading out on a spring bear hunt, bear encounters are a real possibility this time of year. Being prepared for such an encounter is crucial and can mean the difference between life and death. In this article we are diving into the essential steps to consider when crossing paths with a bear in the backcountry. By understanding key strategies and practicing them regularly, you can develop the confidence and muscle memory needed to react effectively in a bear encounter.

The best deterrent

The best, fastest, and most effective way to deter a bear is by using bear spray. While some may argue a firearm is the best defense against a charging bear, studies and real-world experiences show otherwise. A firearm is not as reliable as bear spray in these situations as they take time to precisely aim, can be harder to maneuver (long-guns), may require multiple shots, and can even escalate the encounter by triggering a defensive response from the bear due to the load noise of the shot. Other loud deterrents, such as Bear Bangers, can also backfire, potentially startling the bear into an aggressive reaction.

Bear spray, on the other hand, is specifically designed to stop a bear in its tracks, causing temporary but effective irritation to its eyes and respiratory system. The wide stream that is emitted from the can does not require pinpoint accuracy, like most rifles and sidearms do, and is discreet enough to not cause the bear to produce further offensive behaviour from a loud threat. When properly deployed, it has been proven time and time again to be the best form of defense against an engaging bear.

What to do when encountering a bear

Be prepared
Preparation is key to handling a bear encounter effectively. Before heading into the backcountry, ensure your bear spray is not expired, as expired bear spray can lose pressure and become ineffective. Before setting out, test your bear spray by pulling the pin and lightly pressing the trigger outside, in a safe direction, away from people and not into the wind. This will prove that it is still operational and give you an idea of what to expect when it is deployed.

Practicing with your bear spray is essential for building muscle memory. Knowing how to quickly unholster the can, remove the safety clip, and deploy it will help you react instinctively in an emergency. If travelling with a group, discuss a plan of action beforehand and even run through some mock situations. Understanding each person’s role in a potential bear encounter will prevent panic and improve response time. This can be done at home or even in the parking lot at the base of the trail head.

Be aware of your surroundings
While enjoying the backcountry, staying alert can help you avoid a dangerous bear encounter in the first place. Look for signs of bear activity, such as fresh scat, overturned logs, and claw marks on trees. If you spot scavenger birds like crows, ravens, or magpies circling an area, there may be a carcass nearby, which could attract bears and other predators. If possible, alter your route to avoid potential danger. Making noise while hiking can also help prevent surprise encounters. Talking, clapping, or calling out occasionally will alert bears to your presence, reducing the likelihood of startling them at close range.

Encountering a bear
Each bear encounter is unique, and there is no universal response. However, for the purpose of this guide, let’s assume you spot a bear at a moderate distance—close enough to be a potential threat but far enough that you can react.

If you see a bear, unholster your bear spray immediately and remove the safety clip. Observe the bear’s behaviour—does it appear agitated? Is it alone or with cubs? If cubs are present, the mother could be highly defensive. If the bear is guarding a food source, such as a dead carcass, it may perceive you as competition and act aggressively. Avoid walking into the threat and begin to retreat slowly. Side-stepping is the best method, as it allows you to watch the bear while also being mindful of obstacles like fallen logs or exposed roots that could cause you to trip. Sudden movements or falling can escalate the situation, increasing the likelihood of a charge or injuring yourself.

If the bear follows you, it may simply be curious. In this case, making yourself look larger, standing your ground, and firmly yelling may encourage it to back off. If the bear charges and comes within 18 feet, deploy your bear spray in short bursts, aiming at the bear’s face, while continuing to move away.

After the encounter
Once you have successfully distanced yourself from the bear, remain cautious. Use binoculars to observe the bear from a safe distance and if it is guarding a food source, avoid returning to that location. If the bear was simply travelling through, consider waiting at a safe distance until it moves on before continuing your journey.

Even after the encounter has ended, stay vigilant. The bear may still be in the area, so keep your bear spray accessible and remain aware of your surroundings as you continue on your way. Encountering a bear in the backcountry can be an intense and potentially dangerous experience, but being prepared and knowledgeable about how to react can greatly improve your chances of a safe outcome. By carrying and practicing with bear spray, staying aware of your surroundings, and responding appropriately to different bear behaviours, you can enjoy your time in the wilderness with confidence.

Spring is a time for adventure, and with the right precautions in place, you can explore the great outdoors while minimizing the risk of a dangerous bear encounter. Stay safe, stay alert, and respect the wildlife that calls the backcountry home.

Much of the information in this guide is based on best practices taught by the Canadian Bear Safety Authority. Their comprehensive courses provide essential knowledge and training for handling bear encounters safely and effectively. If you’re serious about backcountry safety, consider reaching out to them or taking one of their courses to further develop your bear awareness and survival skills.

This information has been brought to you in thanks from Korth Group Ltd. – Outdoor Education.

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